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19-0809; Rev 0; 4/07
High-Voltage, High-Power LED Driver with Analog and PWM Dimming Control
General Description
The MAX16831 is a current-mode, high-brightness LED (HBLED) driver designed to control two external n-channel MOSFETs for the single-string LED current regulation. The MAX16831 integrates all the building blocks necessary to implement fixed-frequency HBLED drivers with wide-range dimming control. The MAX16831 is configurable to operate as a step-down (buck), step-up (boost), or step-up/-down (buck-boost) current regulator. Current-mode control with leading-edge blanking simplifies control-loop design. Internal slope compensation stabilizes the current loop when operating at duty cycles above 50%. The MAX16831 operates over a wide input voltage range and is capable of withstanding automotive load-dump events. Multiple MAX16831s can be synchronized to each other or to an external clock. The MAX16831 includes a floating dimming driver for brightness control with an external n-channel MOSFET in series with the LED string. HBLED drivers using the MAX16831 achieve efficiencies of over 90% in automotive applications. The MAX16831 also includes a 1.4A source and 2.5A sink gate driver for driving switching MOSFETs in high-power LED driver applications, such as front light assemblies. The dimming control allows for wide PWM dimming at frequencies up to 2kHz. Higher dimming ratios of up to 1000:1 are achievable at lower dimming frequencies. The MAX16831 is available in a 32-pin thin QFN package with exposed pad and operates over the -40C to +125C automotive temperature range.
Features
o Wide Input Range: 6V to 76V With Cold-Start Operation to 5.5V o Integrated Differential LED Current-Sense Amplifier o Floating Dimming Driver Capable of Driving an n-Channel MOSFET o 5% LED Current Accuracy o 200Hz On-Board Ramp Syncs to External PWM Dimming Signal o Programmable Switching Frequency (125kHz to 600kHz) and Synchronization o Output Overvoltage Load Dump, LED Short, Overtemperature Protection o Low 107mV LED Current Sense for High Efficiency o Enable/Shutdown Input with Shutdown Current Below 45A
MAX16831
Ordering Information
PART TEMP RANGE PINPACKAGE PKG CODE
MAX16831ATJ+ -40C to +125C 32 TQFN-EP* T3255M-4
+Denotes lead-free package. *EP = Exposed pad.
Typical Operating Circuits
BUCK-BOOST CONFIGURATION VIN RCS
Applications
Automotive Exterior Lighting: High-Beam/Low-Beam/Signal Lights Rear Combination Lights (RCL) Daytime Running Lights (DRL) Fog Light and Adaptive Front Light Assemblies Industrial and Architectural Lighting Emergency Lighting Projectors with RGB LED Light Sources Navigation and Marine Indicators
COMP R1 CS FB CREG1 RT RTSYNC RUV2
CCLMP
RUV1 UVEN CUVEN
VCC
LO
CLMP
CS-
CS+
DGT RD DRV SNS+ QS LEDs
DIM
RSENSE DIM REG1 SNS-
MAX16831
QGND HI CF ROV1 OV
AGND
SGND
REG2
DRI
ROV2 CREG2
C2 R2 C1
Pin Configuration appears at end of data sheet.
Typical Operating Circuits continued at end of data sheet.
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products
1
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High-Voltage, High-Power LED Driver with Analog and PWM Dimming Control MAX16831
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
VCC, HI, LO, CLMP to QGND .................................-0.3V to +80V CS+, CS-, DGT, UVEN to QGND............................-0.3V to +80V UVEN to QGND ..........................................-0.3V to (VCC + 0.3V) DRV to SGND .........................................................-0.3V to +18V DRI, REG2, DIM to AGND ......................................-0.3V to +18V QGND, SGND to AGND ........................................-0.3V to +0.3V SNS+ to SNS- ...........................................................-0.3V to +6V CS, FB, COMP, SNS+, SNS-, OV, REF, RTSYNC to AGND .................................................-0.3V to +6V REG1, CLKOUT to AGND ........................................-0.3V to +6V CS+ to CS- .............................................................-0.3V to +12V HI to LO ..................................................................-0.3V to +36V CS+, CS-, DGT, CLMP to LO .................................-0.3V to +12V CS+, CS-, DGT, CLMP to LO ........................-0.3V to (HI + 0.3V) HI to CLMP .............................................................-0.3V to +28V Continuous Power Dissipation* (TA = +70C) 32-Pin TQFN (derate 34.5mW/C above +70C) ........2758mW Thermal Resistance* JA .................................................................................29C/W JC ................................................................................1.7C/W Operating Temperature Range .........................-40C to +125C Maximum Junction Temperature .....................................+150C Storage Temperature Range .............................-60C to +150C Reflow Temperature.........................................................+240C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300C *As per JEDEC 51 standard, multilayer board (PCB).
Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VCC = VUVEN = 14V, CREG1 = 1F, CREG2 = 1F, CCLMP = 0.1F, RT = 25k, TA = TJ = -40C to +125C, unless otherwise noted. Typical specifications are at TA = +25C.)
PARAMETER Input Voltage Range Supply Current Shutdown Current UVEN VCC UVLO Threshold VCC Threshold Hysteresis UVEN Threshold UVEN Input Current REGULATORS REG1 Regulator Output REG1 Dropout Voltage REG1 Load Regulation REG2 Regulator Output REG2 Dropout Voltage REG2 Load Regulation CLMP UVLO Threshold CLMP UVLO Threshold Hysteresis V/I VCLMPTH VCLMPHYS V/I VREG2 VREG1 0 IREG1 2mA, 7.5V VCC 76V IREG1 = 2mA, VCC = 5.7V IREG1 = 2mA (Note 1) VCC = 7.5V, 0 IREG1 2mA 7.5V VCC 76V, IREG2 = 1mA VCC = 5.7V, 0 IREG2 20mA IREG2 = 20mA (Note 1) VCC = 7.5V, 0 IREG2 20mA VCLMP rising 2.0 2.5 0.22 6.65 4.5 7.00 5.0 0.5 25 3.0 4.75 4.00 5.00 4.50 0.5 5.25 5.25 1.0 25 7.35 V V V V V V VCC_R VCC_F VCC_HYS VUVR VUVF IUVEN VUVEN rising VUVEN falling VUVEN = 0V and VUVEN = 76V, VCC = 77V 1.100 1.000 -0.2 VCC rising VCC falling 5.5 5.0 0.4 1.244 1.145 1.360 1.260 +0.2 6.0 5.5 V V V A SYMBOL VCC IQ ISHDN IREG2 = 0A VUVEN 0.8V CONDITIONS MIN 5.5 2.7 25 TYP MAX 76.0 4.5 45 UNITS V mA A
HIGH-SIDE REGULATOR (CLMP) (All Voltages Referred to LO) (Note 2)
2
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High-Voltage, High-Power LED Driver with Analog and PWM Dimming Control MAX16831
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(VCC = VUVEN = 14V, CREG1 = 1F, CREG2 = 1F, CCLMP = 0.1F, RT = 25k, TA = TJ = -40C to +125C, unless otherwise noted. Typical specifications are at TA = +25C.)
PARAMETER CLMP Regulator Output Voltage SYMBOL VCLMP CONDITIONS 8.7V (VHI - VLO) 36V, ICLMP = 1mA 5.0V (VHI - VLO) 8.7V, ICLMP = 250A MIN 5.5 TYP 8.0 (VHI - VLO) - 0.7 MAX 10.0 V UNITS
CURRENT-SENSE AMPLIFIER (CSA) Differential Input Voltage Range Common-Mode Range CS+ Input Bias Current CS- Input Bias Current Unity-Gain Bandwidth REF OUTPUT BUFFER REF Output Voltage DIM DRIVER Source Current Sink Current GATE DRIVER DRI UVLO Threshold DRI UVLO Threshold Hysteresis Driver Output Impedance Peak Sink Current Peak Source Current PWM Comparator Offset Voltage Peak Current-Limit Comparator Trip Threshold Peak Current-Limit Comparator Propagation Delay (Excluding Blanking Time) HICCUP Comparator Trip Threshold SNS+ Input Bias Current SNS- Input Bias Current Blanking Time tBLNK VSNS+ = 0V, VSNS- = 0V VSNS+ = 0V, VSNS- = 0V 50mV overdrive VUVLO_TH VUVLO_HYST ZOUT_L ZOUT_H ISK ISR VDRI = 7.0V, DRV sinking 250mA VDRI = 7.0V, DRV sourcing 250mA VDRI = 7.0V VDRI = 7.0V VCOMP - (VSNS+ - VSNS-) 160 DRI rising 4.0 4.2 0.3 2.8 5.0 2.5 1.4 0.7 200 240 4 8 4.4 V V A A V mV VCLMP - VLO = 4V VCLMP - VLO = 8V VCLMP - VLO = 4V VCLMP - VLO = 8V 5 30 10 40 20 67 22 76 mA mA VREF -100A IREF +100A 2.85 3.00 3.15 V ICS+ ICSVCS+ - VCS- = 0.3V VCS+ - VCS- = 0.3V From (CS+ - CS-) to CS 1.0 VCS+ VCS0 0 -250 0.3 VCC +250 400 V V A A MHz
PWM, ILIM, AND HICCUP COMPARATOR
40
ns
235 -100 -100
300 -65 -65 40
385
mV A A ns
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High-Voltage, High-Power LED Driver with Analog and PWM Dimming Control MAX16831
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(VCC = VUVEN = 14V, CREG1 = 1F, CREG2 = 1F, CCLMP = 0.1F, RT = 25k, TA = TJ = -40C to +125C, unless otherwise noted. Typical specifications are at TA = +25C.)
PARAMETER ERROR AMPLIFIER FB Input Bias Current EAMP Output Sink Current EAMP Output Source Current EAMP Input Common-Mode Voltage EAMP Output Clamp Voltage Voltage Gain Unity-Gain Bandwidth AV GBW RCOMP = 100k to AGND RCOMP = 100k to AGND, CCOMP = 100pF to AGND VFB = 1.735V, VCOMP = 1V VFB = 0.735V, VCOMP = 1V -100 3 2 0 1.1 1.7 80 0.5 7 7 3.0 2.4 +100 nA mA mA V V dB MHz SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
OSCILLATOR, OSC SYNC, CLK, AND CLKOUT RTSYNC Frequency Range RTSYNC Oscillator Frequency RTSYNC High-Level Voltage RTSYNC Low-Level Voltage CLKOUT High Level CLKOUT Low Level CLKOUT Maximum Load Capacitance Internal Ramp Frequency External Sync Frequency Range External Sync Low-Level Voltage External Sync High-Level Voltage DIM Comparator Offset DIGITAL SOFT-START Soft-Start Duration OVP Overvoltage Comparator Threshold OVP Overvoltage Comparator Hysteresis SLOPE COMPENSATION Slope Compensation Peak Voltage Per Cycle Slope Compensation Clock generated by RT External clock applied to RTSYNC 120 15 mV mV/s tSS 4.0 ms OVERVOLTAGE COMPARATOR, LOAD OVERCURRENT COMPARATOR VOV VOV_HYST VOV rising 1.20 1.235 63.5 1.27 V mV CCLK_CAP VSIHL VSILL ISINK = 0.8mA ISOURCE = 1.6mA fSW = 500kHz 2.8 0.4 500 fSWMIN fSWMAX RT = 25k RT = 100k 500 475 106 2.8 0.4 500 125 525 143 125 kHz kHz V V V V pF
DIM SYNC, DIM RAMP, AND DIM PWM GEN fRAMP fDIM VLTH VHTH VDIMOS 170 200 160 80 0.4 3.2 300 200 240 2000 Hz Hz V V mV
4
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High-Voltage, High-Power LED Driver with Analog and PWM Dimming Control
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(VCC = VUVEN = 14V, CREG1 = 1F, CREG2 = 1F, CCLMP = 0.1F, RT = 25k, TA = TJ = -40C to +125C, unless otherwise noted. Typical specifications are at TA = +25C.)
PARAMETER THERMAL SHUTDOWN Thermal Shutdown Temperature Hysteresis TSHDN TSHDN Temperature rising +165 20 C C SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
MAX16831
Note 1: Dropout voltage is defined as the input to output differential voltage at which the regulator output voltage drops 100mV below the nominal output voltage. Note 2: VCLMPTH determines the voltage required to operate the current-sense amplifier. The DIM driver requires 2.5V for (VCLMP - VLO) to drive the external MOSFET. VHI is typically one diode drop above VCLMP. A large capacitor connected to VCLMP slows the response of the LED current-sense circuitry, resulting in current overshoot. To ensure proper operation, connect a 0.1F capacitor from CLMP to LO.
Typical Operating Characteristics
(VCC = VUVEN = 14V, CREG1 = 1F, CREG2 = 10F, CCLMP = 0.1F, RT = 25k, RCS = 0.1, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
SHUTDOWN CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX16831 toc01
OPERATING CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX16831 toc02
VOLTAGE ACROSS LED CURRENT-SENSE RESISTOR vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
110 VOLTAGE ACROSS RCS (mV) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 30 40
MAX16831 toc03
28 27 SHUTDOWN CURRENT (A) 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 -60 -40 -20 0
3.0 2.9 OPERATING CURRENT (mA) 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 DGT AND DRV NOT SWITCHING -60 -40 -20 0
120
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
TEMPERATURE (C)
TEMPERATURE (C)
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High-Voltage, High-Power LED Driver with Analog and PWM Dimming Control MAX16831
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = VUVEN = 14V, CREG1 = 1F, CREG2 = 10F, CCLMP = 0.1F, RT = 25k, RCS = 0.1, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
REG2 OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX16831 toc04
REG2 OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX16831 toc05
REG1 OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX16831 toc06
7.10 7.05 7.00 6.95 6.90 6.85 IREG2 = 20mA 6.80 -60 -40 -20 0
8 7 REG2 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 IREG2 = 20mA
5.02 5.00 4.98 4.96 4.94 4.92 IREG1 = 2mA 4.90
REG2 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
30
35
40
REG1 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
-60 -40 -20 0
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
TEMPERATURE (C)
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
TEMPERATURE (C)
REG1 OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX16831 toc07
CLMP REGULATOR VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX16831 toc08
CLMP REGULATOR VOLTAGE vs. (VHI - VLO)
8 CLMP REGULATOR VOLTAGE (V) 7 6 5 4 3 2 CLMP REGULATOR VOLTAGE = VCLMP - VLO 1 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
MAX16831 toc09
6 5 REG1 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 4 3 2 1 IREG1 = 2mA 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
8.3 8.2 8.1 CLMP VOLTAGE (V) 8.0 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.5 -60 -40 -20 0 VHI - VLO = 11V CLMP VOLTAGE = VCLMP - VLO
9
40
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
TEMPERATURE (C)
VHI - VLO (V)
REF OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX16831 toc10
REF OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. LOAD CURRENT
MAX16831 toc11
PWM OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX16831 toc12
3.02 3.01 REF OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 3.00 2.99 2.98 2.97 IREF = 100A 2.96 -60 -40 -20 0
3.02 3.01 REF OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 3.00 2.99 2.98 2.97 2.96
530 520 PWM FREQUENCY (kHz) 510 500 490 480 RT = 25k 470
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
-225 -175 -125 -75 -25 25
75 125 175 225
-60 -40 -20 0
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
TEMPERATURE (C)
LOAD CURRENT (A)
TEMPERATURE (C)
6
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High-Voltage, High-Power LED Driver with Analog and PWM Dimming Control
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = VUVEN = 14V, CREG1 = 1F, CREG2 = 10F, CCLMP = 0.1F, RT = 25k, RCS = 0.1, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
PWM OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY vs. 1/RT CONDUCTANCE
MAX16831 toc13
MAX16831
200Hz DIMMING OPERATION
MAX16831 toc14
LED CURRENT DUTY CYCLE vs. DIM VOLTAGE
10% DIMMING 1A/div 0A 50% DIMMING 1A/div 0A 90% DIMMING 1A/div 0A 90 LED CURRENT DUTY CYCLE (%) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
MAX16831 toc15
550 500 PWM FREQUENCY (kHz) 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 0.005 0.015 0.025 1/RT (k-1) 0.035
100
0.045
2ms/div
0
1
2
3
DIM VOLTAGE (V)
DRIVER (DRV) RISE TIME
MAX16831 toc16
DRIVER (DRV) FALL TIME
MAX16831 toc17
DRV OUTPUT RISING 2V/div
DRV OUTPUT FALLING 2V/div
0V 5nF CAPACITOR CONNECTED FROM DRV TO AGND 40ns/div 5nF CAPACITOR CONNECTED FROM DRV TO AGND 40ns/div
0V
DGT RISE TIME
MAX16831 toc18
DGT FALL TIME
MAX16831 toc19
DGT OUTPUT RISING 14V OFFSET 2V/div
DGT OUTPUT FALLING 14V OFFSET 2V/div
14V VHI - VLO = 11V 1nF CAPACITOR CONNECTED FROM DGT TO AGND 40ns/div VHI - VLO = 11V 1nF CAPACITOR CONNECTED FROM DGT TO AGND 40ns/div
14V
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High-Voltage, High-Power LED Driver with Analog and PWM Dimming Control MAX16831
Pin Description
PIN 1, 24 NAME N.C. No Connection. Not internally connected. Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO) Threshold/Enable Input. UVEN is a dual-function adjustable UVLO threshold input with an enable feature. Connect UVEN to VCC through a resistive voltage-divider to program the UVLO threshold. Connect UVEN directly to VCC to use the 6.0V (max) default UVLO threshold. Apply a voltage greater than 1.244V to UVEN to enable the device. 5V Regulator Output. REG1 is an internal low-dropout voltage regulator that generates a 5V (VCC > 6V) output voltage and supplies power to internal circuitry. Bypass REG1 to AGND through a 1F ceramic capacitor. Analog Ground Accurate 3V Buffered Reference Output. Connect REF to DIM through a resistive voltage-divider to apply a DC voltage for analog-controlled dimming functionality. Leave REF unconnected if unused. Dimming Control Input. Connect DIM to an external PWM signal for PWM dimming. For analogcontrolled dimming, connect DIM to REF through a resistive voltage-divider. The dimming frequency is 200Hz under these conditions. Connect DIM to AGND to turn off the LEDs. SYNC Input/Output. The PWM clock is generated by the RTSYNC oscillator. Connect an external resistor to RTSYNC to select a clock switching frequency from 125kHz to 600kHz or connect RTSYNC to an external clock to synchronize the MAX16831 with a master clock signal. Clock Output. CLKOUT buffers the oscillator/clock. Connect CLKOUT to the SYNC input of another device to operate the MAX16831 in a multichannel configuration. CLKOUT is a logic output. Internally Connected. Must be connected to AGND. Error-Amplifier Output. Connect the compensation network from COMP to FB for stable closed-loop control. Use low-leakage ceramic capacitors in the feedback network. Current-Sense Amplifier Output. The current-sense amplifier (CSA) senses the differential voltage across the load sense resistor, RCS, and generates a voltage, VCS, at CS proportional to the LED current. Connect the proper compensation resistor from CS to FB. Error-Amplifier Inverting Input Overvoltage Protection Input. Connect OV to HI through a resistive voltage-divider to set the overvoltage limit for the load. When the voltage at OV exceeds the 1.235V (typ) threshold, an overvoltage fault is generated and the switching MOSFET turns off. The MOSFET is turned on again when the voltage at OV drops below 1.17V (typ). Switching Ground. SGND is the ground for non-analog and high-current gate driver circuitry. Gate Driver Output. Connect DRV to the gate of an external n-channel MOSFET for switching. Gate Driver Supply Input. Connect DRI to REG2 to power the primary switching MOSFET driver. Bypass DRI to AGND through a 10F ceramic capacitor. Positive Peak Current-Sense Input. Connect SNS+ to the positive side of the switch current-sense resistor, RSENSE. Negative Peak Current-Sense Input. Connect SNS- to the negative side of the switch current-sense resistor, RSENSE. FUNCTION
2
UVEN
3 4 5
REG1 AGND REF
6
DIM
7
RTSYNC
8 9, 10, 11 12
CLKOUT I.C. COMP
13 14
CS FB
15
OV
16, 17 18 19 20 21
SGND DRV DRI SNS+ SNS-
8
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High-Voltage, High-Power LED Driver with Analog and PWM Dimming Control
Pin Description (continued)
PIN 22 23 NAME QGND DGT FUNCTION Analog Ground. Ensure a low-impedance connection between QGND and AGND. Dimming Gate Driver Output. Connect DGT to the gate of an external n-channel MOSFET for dimming. DGT is powered by the internal regulator, CLMP, and is referenced to LO. Low-Voltage Input. LO is the return point for the LED current. When using the MAX16831 in a buckboost configuration, connect LO to VCC. When using the device in a boost configuration only, connect LO to SGND. Connect LO to the junction of the inductor and LED current-sense resistor, RCS, when using a buck configuration. Noninverting Current-Sense Amplifier Input. Connect CS+ to the positive side of an external sense resistor, RCS, connected in series with the load (LEDs). Inverting Current-Sense Amplifier Input. Connect CS- to the negative side of an external sense resistor, RCS, connected in series with the load (LEDs). Internal CLMP Regulator Output. CLMP supplies an 8V (typ) output when VHI 9V. If VHI is lower than 9V, VCLMP is one diode drop below VHI. The CLMP regulator powers the current-sense amplifier and provides the high reference for the dimming driver. VCLMP must be at least 2.5V higher than VLO to enable the current-sense amplifier and dimming MOSFET driver. Bypass CLMP to LO with a 0.1F ceramic capacitor. High-Voltage Input. HI is referred to LO. HI supplies power to the current-sense amplifier and dimming MOSFET gate driver through the CLMP regulator. Internal Regulator Output. REG2 is an internal voltage regulator that generates a 7V output and supplies power to internal circuitry. Connect REG2 to DRI to power the switching MOSFET driver during normal operation. Bypass REG2 to AGND with a 10F ceramic capacitor. Supply Voltage Input Internally Connected. Must be connected directly to QGND. Exposed Pad. Connect EP to AGND. EP also functions as a heatsink to maximize thermal dissipation. Do not use as a ground connection.
MAX16831
25
LO
26 27
CS+ CS-
28
CLMP
29
HI
30 31 32 --
REG2 VCC I.C. EP
Detailed Description
The MAX16831 is a current-mode PWM LED driver used for driving HBLEDs. By using two current regulation loops, 5% output current accuracy is achieved. One current regulation loop controls the external switching MOSFET peak current through a sense resistor, RSENSE, from SNS+ to SNS-, while the other current regulation loop controls the average LED string current through the sense resistor RCS in series with the LEDs. The wide operating supply range of (6.0V/5.5V ON/OFF) up to 76V makes the MAX16831 ideal in automotive applications. The MAX16831 features a programmable undervoltage lockout (UVEN) that ensures predictable operation during brownout conditions. The input UVEN circuit monitors the supply voltage, VCC, and turns the driver off when VCC drops below the UVLO threshold. Connect UVEN to VCC to use the 5.7V (typ) default UVLO thresh-
old. The MAX16831 includes a cycle-by-cycle current limit that turns off the gate drive to the external switching MOSFET (QS) during an overcurrent condition. The MAX16831 features a programmable oscillator that simplifies and optimizes the design of external magnetics. The MAX16831 includes three internal voltage regulators, REG1, REG2, and CLMP, and a 3V buffered reference output, REF. Connect REG2 to the driver supply, DRI, to power the switching MOSFET driver. The MAX16831 is capable of synchronizing with an external clock or operating in stand-alone mode. A single resistor, RT, can be used to adjust the switching frequency from 125kHz to 600kHz for stand-alone operation. To synchronize the device with an external clock, apply a clock signal directly to the RTSYNC input. A buffered clock output, CLKOUT, is available to configure the MAX16831 in multichannel applications.
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9
High-Voltage, High-Power LED Driver with Analog and PWM Dimming Control
The MAX16831 features a differential high-side level shifter to drive an external n-channel MOSFET for dimming. Wide contrast "pulsed" dimming (1000:1) is possible by applying either a low-frequency PWM input signal or a DC voltage to the dimming input (DIM). Protection features include peak current limiting, HICCUP mode current limiting, output overvoltage protection, short-circuit protection, and thermal shutdown. The HICCUP current-limit circuitry reduces the power delivered to the load during severe fault conditions. Nonlatching overvoltage protection limits the voltage on the external switching MOSFET (QS) under open-circuit conditions in the LED string. During continuous operation at high input voltages, the power dissipation of the MAX16831 could exceed the maximum rating and an internal thermal shutdown circuitry safely turns off the MAX16831 when the device junction temperature exceeds +165C. When the junction temperature drops below the hysteresis temperature, the MAX16831 automatically re-initiates startup.
MAX16831
VIN RUV2 UVEN VCC
MAX16831
CUVEN RUV1 QGND
Figure 1. Setting the UVLO Threshold
large enough to limit the ripple on UVEN to less than the 100mV (min) UVEN hysteresis so that the device does not turn off under these circumstances.
Soft-Start
The MAX16831 includes a factory-set 4ms (typ) softstart delay that allows the load current to ramp up in a controlled manner, minimizing output overshoot. Softstart begins once the device is enabled and V CC exceeds the UVLO threshold. Soft-start circuitry slowly increases the internal soft-start voltage, VSS, resulting in a controlled rise of the load current. Signals applied to DIM are ignored until the soft-start duration is complete and a successive delay of 200s has elapsed.
Undervoltage Lockout/Enable
The MAX16831 features a dual-purpose adjustable UVLO input and enable function. Connect UVEN to VCC through a resistive voltage-divider to set the undervoltage lockout (UVLO) threshold. The MAX16831 is enabled when the UVEN exceeds the 1.244V (typ) threshold. Drive UVEN to ground to disable the output.
Setting the UVLO Threshold
The MAX16831 features a programmable UVLO threshold. Connect UVEN directly to VCC to select the default 6.0V (max) UVLO threshold. Connect UVEN to V CC through a resistive voltage-divider to select a UVLO threshold (Figure 1). Calculate resistor values as follows: VUVEN RUV1 = RUV 2 x VUVLO - VUVEN where RUV1 + RUV2 270k, VUVEN is the 1.244V (typ) threshold voltage, and V UVLO is the desired UVLO threshold in volts at VCC (Figure 1). The capacitor, CUVEN, is required to prevent chattering at the UVLO threshold due to line impedance drops during power-up and dimming. If the undervoltage setting is very close to the required minimum operating voltage, then there can be jumps in the voltage at VCC during dimming, which may cause the MAX16831 to turn on and off when the dimming signal transitions from low to high. The capacitor, C UVEN , should be
Internal Regulators
The MAX16831 includes a fixed 5V voltage regulator REG1, a 7V voltage regulator REG2, and an internal 8V regulator CLMP. REG1 and REG2 power up when VCC exceeds the UVLO threshold. REG1 supplies power to internal circuitry and remains on during PWM dimming. It is capable of driving external loads up to 2mA. REG2 is capable of delivering up to 20mA of current. Connect REG2 to DRI to generate the supply voltage for the primary switching MOSFET driver, DRV. CLMP is powered by HI and supplies power to the current-sense amplifier (CSA). CSA is enabled when V CLMP goes 2.5V above V LO and is disabled when (VCLMP - VLO) falls below 2.28V. The CLMP regulator also provides power to the dimming MOSFET control circuitry. CLMP is the output of the CLMP regulator. Do not use CLMP to power external circuitry. Bypass CLMP to LO with a 0.1F ceramic capacitor. A larger capacitor will result in overshoots of the load current.
10
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High-Voltage, High-Power LED Driver with Analog and PWM Dimming Control
Reference Voltage Output
The MAX16831 includes a 5% accurate 3V (typ) buffered reference output, REF. REF is a push-pull output capable of sourcing/sinking 100A of current and can drive a maximum load capacitance of 100pF. Connect REF to DIM through a resistive voltage-divider to supply an analog signal for dimming. See the Dimming Input (DIM) section.
REF R3 DIM AGND R4
MAX16831
MAX16831
Dimming MOSFET Driver (DDR)
The MAX16831 requires an external n-channel MOSFET for PWM dimming. Connect the MOSFET to the output of the DDR dimming driver, DGT, for normal operation. VDGT swings between VLO and VCLMP. The DDR dimming driver is capable of sinking or sourcing up to 20mA of current. The average current required to drive the dimming MOSFET (IDRIVE_DIM) depends on the MOSFET's total gate charge (QG_DIM) and the dimming frequency of the converter, fDIM. Use the following equation to calculate the average gate drive current for the n-channel dimming FET. IDRIVE_DIM = QG_DIM x fDIM
Figure 2. Creating a DIM Input Signal from REF
n-Channel MOSFET Switch Driver (DRV)
The MAX16831 drives an external n-channel MOSFET. Use an external supply or connect REG2 to DRI to power the MOSFET driver. The driver output, VDRV, swings between ground and VDRI. Ensure that VDRI remains below the absolute maximum VGS rating of the external MOSFET. DRV is capable of sinking 2.5A or sourcing 1.4A of peak current, allowing the MAX16831 to switch MOSFETs in high-power applications. The average current sourced to drive the external MOSFET depends on the total gate charge (QG) and operating frequency of the converter, fSW. The power dissipation in the MAX16831 is a function of the average output drive current (IDRIVE). Use the following equations to calculate the power dissipation in the gate driver section of the MAX16831 due to IDRIVE: IDRIVE = QG x fSW PD = (IDRIVE + ICC) x VDRI where VDRI is the supply voltage to the gate driver and ICC is the operating supply current. IDRIVE should not exceed 20mA.
control signal is applied to DIM, the MAX16831 compares the DC input to an internally generated 200Hz ramp to pulse-width-modulate the LED current (fDIM = 200Hz). The output current duty cycle is linearly adjustable from 0 to 100% (0.2V < VDIM < 2.8V). Use the following formula to calculate the voltage, VDIM, necessary for a given output-current duty cycle, D: VDIM = (D x 2.6) + 0.2V where VDIM is the voltage applied to DIM in volts. Connect DIM to REF through a resistive voltage-divider to apply a DC DIM control signal (Figure 2). Use the required dimming input voltage, V DIM , calculated above and select appropriate resistor values using the following equation: R4 = R3 x VDIM / (VREF - VDIM) where V REF is the 3V reference output voltage and 30k R3 + R4 150k. For proper operation at startup or after toggling ENABLE, the controller needs three clock edges or an analog voltage greater than 0.3V on the DIM input.
Oscillator, Clock, and Synchronization
The MAX16831 is capable of stand-alone operation or synchronizing to an external clock, and driving external devices in SYNC mode. For stand-alone operation, program the switching frequency by connecting a single external resistor, RT, between RTSYNC and ground. Select the switching frequency, fSW, from 125kHz to 600kHz and calculate RT using the following formula: RT = 500kHz x 25k fSW
Dimming Input (DIM)
The dimming input, DIM, functions with either analog or PWM control signals. Once the internal pulse detector detects three successive edges of a PWM signal with a frequency between 80Hz and 2kHz, the MAX16831 synchronizes to the external signal and pulse-width-modulates the LED current at the external DIM input frequency with the same duty cycle as the DIM input. If an analog
where the switching frequency is in kHz and RT is in k. The MAX16831 is also capable of synchronizing to an external clock signal ranging from 125kHz to 600kHz.
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High-Voltage, High-Power LED Driver with Analog and PWM Dimming Control MAX16831
Connect the clock signal to the RTSYNC input. The MAX16831 synchronizes to the external clock signal after the detection of five successive clock edges at RTSYNC. A buffered clock output, CLKOUT, is capable of driving the RTSYNC input of an external PWM controller for multichannel applications. CLKOUT is capable of driving capacitive loads up to 500pF.
MASTER/PEER SLAVE/PEER
MAX16831
RTSYNC RT CLKOUT RTSYNC
MAX16831
CLKOUT
Multichannel Configuration
The MAX16831 is capable of multichannel operation. Connect CLKOUT to the SYNC input of an external device to use the MAX16831 as a master clock signal. Connect an external clock signal to RTSYNC to configure the MAX16831 as a slave. To setup two or more MAX16831 devices in a daisy-chain/peer-to-peer configuration, drive the RTSYNC input of one MAX16831 with the CLKOUT buffer of another (Figure 3).
Figure 3. Master-Slave/Peer-Peer Clock Configuration
Load Current Sense
The load-sense resistor, R CS , monitors the current through the LEDs. The internal floating current-sense amplifier, CSA, measures the differential voltage across RCS, and generates a voltage proportional to the LED current through R CS at CS. This voltage on CS is referred to AGND. The closed loop regulates the LED current to a value, ILED, given by the following equation: ILED = 0.107V / RCS
ILIM and HICCUP Comparator
RSENSE sets the peak current through the inductor for switching. The differential voltage across RSENSE is compared to the 200mV voltage trip limit of the currentlimit comparator, ILIM. Set the current limit 20% higher than the peak switch current at the rated output power and minimum voltage. Use the following equation to calculate RSENSE: RSENSE = VSENSE / (1.2 x IPEAK) where V SENSE is the 200mV differential voltage between SNS+ and SNS- and IPEAK is the peak inductor current at full load and minimum input voltage. When the voltage drop across RSENSE exceeds the ILIM threshold, the MOSFET driver (DRV) terminates the on-cycle and turns the switch off, reducing the current through the inductor. The FET is turned back on at the beginning of the next switching cycle. When the voltage across RSENSE exceeds the 300mV (typ) HICCUP threshold, the HIC comparator terminates the on-cycle of the device, turning the switching MOSFET off. Following a startup delay of 4ms (typ), the MAX16831 re-initiates soft-start. The device will continue to operate in HICCUP mode until the overcurrent condition is removed. A built-in 40ns leading-edge blanking circuit of the current-sense signal prevents these comparators from prematurely terminating the on-cycle of the external switching MOSFET (QS). In some cases, this blanking time may not be adequate and an additional RC filter may be required to prevent spurious turn-off.
Slope Compensation
The MAX16831 uses an internal ramp generator for slope compensation. The internal ramp signal is reset to zero at the beginning of each cycle and has a peakto-peak voltage of 120mV per switching cycle. Use an external resistor, RT, to set the switching frequency, fSW, and calculate the slope of the compensating ramp, mSLOPE, using the following equation: mSLOPE = 120 x fSW [mV/s] where fSW is the switching frequency in Hz. When the MAX16831 is synchronized to an external clock, the slope compensation ramp has a slope of 15mV/s.
Internal Voltage-Error Amplifier (EAMP)
The MAX16831 includes a built-in voltage amplifier, with tri-state output, which can be used to close the feedback loop. The buffered output current-sense signal appears at CS, which is connected to the inverting input, FB, of the error amplifier through resistor R1. The noninverting input is connected to an internally trimmed current reference. The output of the error amplifier is controlled by the signal applied to DIM. When DIM is high, the output of the amplifier is connected to COMP. The amplifier output is open when DIM is low. This enables the integrating
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High-Voltage, High-Power LED Driver with Analog and PWM Dimming Control
capacitor to hold the charge when the DIM signal has turned off the gate drive. When DIM is high again, the voltage on the compensation capacitors, C1 and C2, will force the converter into steady-state instantaneously.
MAX16831
VLED+
ROV1
PWM Dimming
PWM dimming is achieved by driving DIM with either a PWM signal or a DC signal. The PWM signal is internally connected to the error amplifier, the dimming MOSFET gate driver, and the switching MOSFET gate driver. When the DIM signal is high, the dimming MOSFET and the switching MOSFET drivers are enabled and the output of the voltage-error amplifier is connected to the external compensation network. Also, the buffered current-sense signal is connected to CS. Preventing discharge of the compensation capacitor when the DIM signal is low will allow the control loop to return the LED current to its original value almost instantaneously. When the DIM signal goes low, the output of the error amplifier is disconnected from the compensation network and the voltage of compensation capacitors, C1 and C2 is preserved. Choose low-leakage capacitors for C1 and C2. The drivers for the external dimming and switching MOSFETs are disabled, and the converter stops switching. The inductor energy is now transferred to the output capacitors. When the DIM signal goes high and the gate drivers are enabled, the additional voltage on the output capacitor may cause a current spike on the LED string. A larger output capacitor will result in a smaller current spike. The MAX16831 thus achieves fast PWM dimming response.
OV ROV2
MAX16831
AGND
Figure 4. Setting the Overvoltage Threshold
load. The MAX16831 re-initiates soft-start once the overvoltage condition is removed. Connect OV to HI through a resistive voltage-divider to set the overvoltage threshold at the output.
Setting the Overvoltage Threshold Connect OV to HI or to the high-side of the LEDs through a resistive voltage-divider to set the overvoltage threshold at the output (Figure 4). The overvoltage protection (OVP) comparator compares the voltage at OV with a 1.235V (typ) internal reference. Use the following equation to calculate resistor values:
VOV _ LIM - VOV ROV1 = ROV 2 x VOV where VOV is the 1.235V OV threshold. Choose ROV1 and ROV2 to be reasonably high-value resistors to prevent discharge of filter capacitors. This will prevent unnecessary undervoltage and overvoltage conditions during dimming.
Fault Protection
The MAX16831 features built-in overvoltage protection, overcurrent protection, HICCUP mode current-limit protection, and thermal shutdown. Overvoltage protection is achieved by connecting OV to HI through a resistive voltage-divider. HICCUP mode limits the power dissipation in the external MOSFETs during severe fault conditions. Internal thermal shutdown protection safely turns off the converter when the junction temperature exceeds +165C.
Load-Dump Protection The MAX16831 features load-dump protection up to 80V. LED drivers using the MAX16831 can sustain single fault load dump events. Repeated load dump events within very short time intervals can cause damage to the dimming MOSFET due to excess power dissipation. Thermal Shutdown The MAX16831 contains an internal temperature sensor that turns off all outputs when the die temperature exceeds +165C. Outputs are enabled again when the die temperature drops below +145C.
Overvoltage Protection The overvoltage protection (OVP) comparator compares the voltage at OV with a 1.235V (typ) internal reference. When the voltage at OV exceeds the internal reference, the OVP comparator terminates PWM switching and no further energy is transferred to the
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High-Voltage, High-Power LED Driver with Analog and PWM Dimming Control MAX16831
Applications Information
Inductor Selection
The minimum required inductance is a function of operating frequency, input-to-output voltage differential, and the peak-to-peak inductor current (I L ). Higher I L allows for a lower inductor value while a lower I L requires a higher inductor value. A lower inductor value minimizes size and cost, improves large-signal transient response but reduces efficiency due to higher peak currents and higher peak-to-peak output ripple voltage for the same output capacitance. On the other hand, higher inductance increases efficiency by reducing the ripple current, IL. However, resistive losses due to extra turns can exceed the benefit gained from lower ripple current levels, especially when the inductance is increased without also allowing for larger inductor dimensions. A good compromise is to choose IL equal to 30% of the full load current. The inductor saturating current is also important to avoid runaway current during the output overload and continuous short circuit. Select the ISAT to be higher than the maximum peak current limit. Buck configuration: In a buck configuration, the average inductor current does not vary with the input. The worst-case peak current occurs at a high input voltage. In this case, the inductance L for continuous conduction mode is given by: V x (VINMAX - VOUT ) L = OUT VINMAX x fSW x IL where VINMAX is the maximum input voltage, fSW is the switching frequency, and VOUT is the output voltage. Boost configuration: In the boost converter, the average inductor current varies with line and the maximum average current occurs at low line. For the boost converter, the average inductor current is equal to the input current. In this case, the inductance L is calculated as: V x (VOUT - VINMIN ) L = INMIN VOUT x fSW x IL where VINMIN is the minimum input voltage, VOUT is the output voltage, and fSW is the switching frequency. Buck-boost configuration: In a buck-boost converter, the average inductor current is equal to the sum of the input current and the load current. In this case, the inductance L is: L= VOUT x VINMIN (VOUT + VINMIN ) x fSW x IL where VINMIN is the minimum input voltage, VOUT is the output voltage, and fSW is the switching frequency.
Output Capacitor
The function of the output capacitor is to reduce the output ripple to acceptable levels. The ESR, ESL, and the bulk capacitance of the output capacitor contribute to the output ripple. In most of the applications, the output ESR and ESL effects can be dramatically reduced by using low-ESR ceramic capacitors. To reduce the ESL effects, connect multiple ceramic capacitors in parallel to achieve the required bulk capacitance. In a buck configuration, the output capacitance, CF, is calculated using the following equation: CF (VINMAX - VOUT ) x VOUT VR x 2 x L x VINMAX x fSW 2
where VR is the maximum allowable output ripple. In a boost configuration, the output capacitance, CF, is calculated as: CF (VOUT - VINMIN ) x 2 x IOUT VR x VOUT x fSW
where IOUT is the output current. In a buck-boost configuration, the output capacitance, CF, is calculated as: CF 2 x VOUT x IOUT VR x (VOUT + VINMIN ) x fSW
where VOUT is the voltage across the load and IOUT is the output current. Connect the output capacitor(s) from the output to ground in a buck-boost configuration (not across the load as for other configurations).
Input Capacitor
An input capacitor connected between UVEN and ground must be used when configuring the MAX16831 as a buck converter. Use a low-ESR input capacitor that can handle the maximum input RMS ripple current. Calculate the maximum allowable RMS ripple using the following equation: IIN(RMS) = IOUT x VOUT x (VINMIN - VOUT ) VINMIN
In most of the cases, an additional electrolytic capacitor should be added to prevent input oscillations due to line impedances.
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High-Voltage, High-Power LED Driver with Analog and PWM Dimming Control
When using the MAX16831 in a boost or buck-boost configuration, the input RMS current is low and the input capacitance can be small. * Isolate the power components and high-current paths from sensitive analog circuitry. * Keep the high-current paths short, especially at the ground terminals. This practice is essential for stable, jitter-free operation. Keep switching loops short. * Connect AGND, SGND, and QGND to a ground plane. Ensure a low-impedance connection between all ground points. * Keep the power traces and load connections short. This practice is essential for high efficiency. Use thick copper PCBs (2oz vs. 1oz) to enhance full-load efficiency. * Ensure that the feedback connection to FB is short and direct. * Route high-speed switching nodes away from the sensitive analog areas. * To prevent discharge of the compensation capacitors, C1 and C2, during the off-time of the dimming cycle, ensure that the PCB area close to these components has extremely low leakage. Discharge of these capacitors due to leakage may result in degraded dimming performance.
MAX16831
Operating the MAX16831 Without the Dimming Switch
The MAX16831 can also be used in the absence of the dimming MOSFET. In this case, the PWM dimming performance is compromised but in applications that do not require dimming, the MAX16831 can still be used. A short circuit across the load will cause the MAX16831 to disable the gate drivers and they will remain off until the input power is recycled.
Switching Power MOSFET Losses
When selecting MOSFETs for switching, consider the total gate charge, power dissipation, the maximum drain-to-source voltage, and package thermal impedance. The product of the MOSFET gate charge and RDS(ON) is a figure of merit, with a lower number signifying better performance. Select MOSFETs optimized for high-frequency switching applications. MOSFET losses may be broken into three categories: conduction loss, gate drive loss, and switching loss. The following simplified power loss equation is true for all the different configurations. PLOSS = PCONDUCTION + PGATEDRIVE + PSWITCH
Chip Information
PROCESS: BICMOS
Layout Recommendations
Typically, there are two sources of noise emission in a switching power supply: high di/dt loops and high dv/dt surfaces. For example, traces that carry the drain current often form high di/dt loops. Similarly, the heatsink of the MOSFET connected to the device drain presents a high dv/dt source; therefore, minimize the surface area of the heatsink as much as possible. Keep all PCB traces carrying switching currents as short as possible to minimize current loops. Use ground planes for best results. Careful PCB layout is critical to achieve low switching losses and clean, stable operation. Use a multilayer board whenever possible for better noise performance and power dissipation. Follow these guidelines for good PCB layout: * Use a large copper plane under the MAX16831 package. Ensure that all heat-dissipating components have adequate cooling. Connect the exposed pad of the device to the ground plane.
Pin Configuration
CLMP REG2 I.C. CS+ VCC CS-
TOP VIEW
32
N.C. UVEN REG1 AGND REF DIM RTSYNC CLKOUT
31
30
29
HI
28
27
26
25 24 23 22 21
N.C. DGT QGND SNSSNS+ DRI DRV SGND
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
+
MAX16831
LO
20 19 18
*EP
17 10
I.C.
9
I.C.
11
I.C.
12
COMP
13
CS
14
FB
15
OV
16
SGND
TQFN (5mm x 5mm)
*EP = EXPOSED PAD
______________________________________________________________________________________
15
High-Voltage, High-Power LED Driver with Analog and PWM Dimming Control MAX16831
Functional Diagram
VCC CLMP HI CS- CS+ LO
UVLO AND EN UVEN 5V REG1 7V REG2
CSA
CLMP VCLMP VLO REG2
THERMAL SHUTDOWN QGND REG1 REF VBUF 3.0V + DDR + CMP 1.3 x V SS OSC OC POR VOV OVP OV + + ILIM - 200mV HIC + 300mV BLANKING TIME 40ns EN OV CONTROL BLOCK DRIVER SLOPE COMP SLOPE VCLMP UGB
RLS
+
VCLMP 10uA DGT TRI
VLO CS
RTSYNC OSC CLKOUT
DRI DRV SGND SNS+ SNS-
DIM +
+ COMP
AGND
200mV
-
200Hz
MAX16831
INTERNAL TRIM SS VOV X1 VSS EAMP
PWM
- 600mV + SLOPE
COMP
FB
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High-Voltage, High-Power LED Driver with Analog and PWM Dimming Control
Typical Operating Circuits (continued)
BOOST CONFIGURATION VIN RCS RUV2 CF RUV1 UVEN CUVEN REF R3 SNSDRV SNS+ RSENSE VCC CS+ DGT CSLO CLMP RD QS LEDs
MAX16831
CCLMP
MAX16831
DIM RTSYNC R4 RT
QGND
ROV1 REG1 OV CS FB AGND SGND HI DRI REG2 ROV2 CREG2 C2 R2 C1
CREG1
COMP R1
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17
High-Voltage, High-Power LED Driver with Analog and PWM Dimming Control MAX16831
Typical Operating Circuits (continued)
BUCK CONFIGURATION VIN
RUV2
CCLMP
RCS
RUV1 CUVEN
VCC HI UVEN
LO CLMP
CS- CS+ DGT RD DRV SNS+ RSENSE QS LEDs
DIM
SNSDIM
CF
MAX16831
REG1 CREG1 RT RTSYNC COMP R1 CS FB AGND SGND DRI REG2
QGND
OV
CREG2 C2 R2
C1
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High-Voltage, High-Power LED Driver with Analog and PWM Dimming Control
Package Information
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
MAX16831
PACKAGE OUTLINE, 16, 20, 28, 32, 40L THIN QFN, 5x5x0.8mm
21-0140
K
1
2
______________________________________________________________________________________
QFN THIN.EPS
19
High-Voltage, High-Power LED Driver with Analog and PWM Dimming Control MAX16831
Package Information (continued)
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
PACKAGE OUTLINE, 16, 20, 28, 32, 40L THIN QFN, 5x5x0.8mm
21-0140
K
2
2
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
20 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 (c) 2007 Maxim Integrated Products is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.

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